At present, there are many types of drill bits used in the petroleum industry, and the drill bits are classified according to different drilling methods, which can be divided into diamond drill bits, cone bits and scraper bits, which are the most basic drill bit forms. Among these three types of drill bits, the most common and widely used in oil drilling is the cone bit, which is also deeply used. Comparing these three types of drill bits, the one with the smallest range of use is the doctor drill bit. This article mainly introduces diamond drill bits and cone bits.
Diamond
The main advantage of the diamond drill bit is that it can adapt to the formation with high abrasiveness and hard geology, and the cutting performance is also relatively good. It has very significant advantages in high-speed drilling.
According to the differences in the strata to which they are adapted, diamond drill bits can be divided into two categories: ordinary diamond drill bits and polycrystalline diamond composite disc drill bits. Among these two categories, ordinary diamond drill bits are suitable for formations with high abrasiveness, hard geology and complex geology, and polycrystalline diamond composite disc drill bits can be widely used in hard formations, soft formations, and moderately soft and hard formations, and its application range is very wide. The main difference between the two types of diamond drill bits is the difference between the two types of diamond drill bits.
There are four main components of polycrystalline diamond composite disc drill bits, namely diamond composite sheet, nozzle, carcass and drill bit body, and ordinary diamond drill bits mainly have four components, namely diamond particles, nozzles, carcass and drill bit body. Because the cutting performance of diamond drill bits is relatively good, when choosing diamond bits as oil drilling tools, they can drill at high speed and expand the drilling depth to a certain extent. In the process of using diamond drill bits for oil drilling operations, the following aspects need to be highly noted:
First, the price of diamond drill bits is relatively high, so it should be operated carefully when using to reduce the degree of damage;
Second, the diamond drill bit has certain defects in thermal stability, so it is necessary to ensure the cooling performance and cleaning of the drill bit when it is used;
Third, its texture is relatively brittle, so the impact resistance of diamond drill bits will be relatively poor, and strict and standardized operation should be carried out in strict accordance with the relevant regulations of diamond drill bits.
Cone wheel
Based on the structure of the cone bit, it can be divided into five parts: the water eye, the bearing, the palm, the cone and the drill bit body. In the case of hermetically sealed jet cone bits, the oil storage compensation system is also included in the case. The thread is generally in the upper part of the cone bit, the drill string is connected with the thread, the lower part of the drill bit will exist in the cone wheel, which has three palms, the cone shaft is equipped with a cone wheel, and the cone shaft is equipped with a bearing between each cone shaft and each cone wheel, and the cone will crush the rock through the cutting teeth it carries out. The channel of the drilling fluid is the water hole of the drill bit. In the process of oil drilling, through the transverse shear and longitudinal vibration during the drilling process, the cone bit will achieve the purpose of breaking the rock, so as to increase the drilling speed.
When choosing a cone bit as an oil drilling tool, it is necessary to select the cone bit according to the actual situation of the drilling equipment, the actual conditions of the formation, and the geological data and formation data of adjacent oil wells. When making a choice, the main issues to consider are as follows:
First of all, the existence of soft and hard staggering in the drilling formation should be considered.
Secondly, it should be considered whether anti-oblique drilling and curve operation are required in oil drilling work;
Thirdly, the actual depth of different drilling sections in the same well should be considered;
Finally, the drilling geology, the grindability of the formation, and the degree of hardness and softness should be considered.
