How To Choose Blades For Chinese Turning Tool Series

Kunshan Meiyaxing Hardware Machinery Co., Ltd. is a service-oriented enterprise specializing in the sales and operation of CNC tools. It provides tungsten steel milling cutters, milling blades, turning blades, grooving and cutting blades, drilling and boring blades, multi-functional blades, threading blades and other indexable blades and their matching tool holders and cutter discs. It has established long-term and stable strategic cooperation with well-known professional production and research and development of efficient tungsten steel milling cutter production enterprises. The company has advanced production equipment such as Swiss ROLLOMATIC, German WALTER, Japanese MAKINO SEIKI, as well as German ZOLLER- -GENIUS 3S, American PG 1000 and other testing equipment, relying on our services and operations combined with strong R&D and production orientation, to solve various tool problems for processing and manufacturing companies. By doing so, we become a professional "professional partner integrating tool overall solution-cost optimization service", aiming to achieve product processing cost optimization as the starting point, so as to achieve mutual benefit
Blade selection in different scenarios
(I) External cylindrical turning
External cylindrical turning is one of the most common processing operations. In actual processing, the shape and characteristics of the workpiece vary greatly, which puts forward fine requirements for the selection of external cylindrical turning tools. For slender shaft parts, due to their large aspect ratio, they are very easy to bend and deform due to radial force during the turning process, so external cylindrical turning tools with a main deflection angle of 90° or 95° become the first choice. This type of turning tool can generate a large axial force during cutting, effectively offsetting the radial cutting force, thereby minimizing the risk of deformation of the workpiece and ensuring processing accuracy. For example, in the field of precision machinery manufacturing, for some slender shafts with an aspect ratio of more than 10, use 90° Carbide external turning tools with a main deflection angle, combined with appropriate cutting parameters, can control radial runout within a very small range and ensure the cylindricality requirements of shaft parts.
In contrast, when turning the external circle of short and thick parts, more attention is paid to the versatility and cutting efficiency of the tool. External turning tools with main deflection angles of 75°, 60°, and 45° can show their skills at this time. They can not only efficiently remove the excess, but also take into account the external circle processing of different shapes. Among them, turning tools with a main deflection angle of 45° are particularly practical. In addition to conventional external turning, they can also easily achieve 45° Chamfering, in the end processing of some shaft parts, there is no need to frequently change the tool, and the processing of the outer circle and chamfer can be completed in one step, which greatly improves the processing efficiency.
The choice of blade type is also critical. The negative angle blade turning tool has a large blade size and high blade tip strength, which can withstand large cutting forces. It performs well in rough processing scenarios and can greatly improve the material removal rate; while the positive angle blade turning tool is relatively small in size, but the cutting edge is sharp and the cutting is light. In the finishing process with small back cutting amount and small feed amount, it can effectively reduce the surface roughness and achieve high-precision outer cylindrical surface processing.
(II) End turning
End turning seems simple, but it actually hides many key points. The correct installation of the turning tool and the reasonable selection of the blade are the core elements to ensure the quality of end surface processing.
When installing the turning tool, be sure to ensure that the tip of the turning tool is accurately aligned with the center of the workpiece, otherwise it is very easy to turn out the end face with a boss, which seriously affects the flatness of the end face. When turning the end face with an offset tool, if the back cutting amount is too large, the tool will also be stuck, damaging the tool and the workpiece. Therefore, when rough turning the end face, the back cutting depth is usually controlled between 0.5-3mm to forcefully remove a large amount of excess; when fine turning, the back cutting depth is reduced to 0.05-0.2mm, focusing on ensuring the surface quality of the end face. For example, in the processing of automobile wheels, the flatness of the end face is directly related to the assembly accuracy of components such as the wheel hub and the brake disc. Using a high-precision machine-clamped end face turning tool, accurately adjusting the position of the tool tip, and reasonably selecting the rough and fine turning back cutting depth can make the end face roughness reach Ra0.8-Ra0.4μm, meeting strict assembly requirements.
In terms of blade selection, for conventional end face turning, blades of different shapes and materials can be selected according to the rigidity of the machine tool and processing requirements. If the machine tool has good rigidity, a blade with a larger tip arc radius can be selected for rough turning to enhance the tip strength and improve cutting efficiency; a blade with a smaller arc radius can be used for fine turning to ensure the smoothness of the end face. At the same time, considering that the cutting speed changes from the outside to the center during face turning, the heat resistance and wear resistance of the blade also need to be comprehensively weighed to adapt to different cutting conditions and ensure the stability and high quality of the entire face processing process.
(III) Internal hole turning
Due to the closed processing space and difficult chip removal, internal hole turning has always been a difficult point in mechanical processing, and the selection of tool holders and blades is of utmost importance.
When cutting small diameter holes (usually refers to holes with a diameter less than 10mm), in order to ensure the rigidity of the tool holder and reduce vibration, carbide tool holders are the best choice. Due to the narrow aperture, the overhang length of the tool holder must be strictly controlled to prevent the tool holder from deforming too much and affecting the processing accuracy. The blade should be a positive rake angle groove blade with sharp cutting edge and high edge strength. This type of blade can effectively cut into the workpiece under a small cutting force, reduce vibration, and facilitate chip discharge. For example, in the small hole processing of precision instrument parts, the use of carbide tool holders with special small hole inner circular blades can control the hole diameter tolerance within ±0.01mm to meet the high-precision processing requirements.
For holes with medium or larger diameters (hole diameter greater than 10mm), as the hole depth increases, the tool holder vibration problem becomes more prominent, and the vibration-damping tool holder can play a key role at this time. The vibration-damping tool holder usually adopts a special structural design or fills damping materials inside to effectively absorb the vibration energy during the cutting process, ensure the stable operation of the cutting edge, and reduce blade wear. The blade selection should comprehensively consider the hole diameter, hole depth and processing accuracy requirements. For through holes, S-shaped or C-shaped blades with strong versatility can be selected; for blind holes and step holes, T-shaped, D-shaped and other highly targeted blades should be selected according to the specific shape to ensure the processing accuracy and surface quality of each part of the inner hole. In the inner hole processing of aircraft engine turbine disks, the use of high-precision vibration-damping tool bars and customized inner hole blades can ensure that the inner hole cylindricality meets extremely high requirements under the processing conditions of deep holes and complex surfaces, laying a solid foundation for the high-performance operation of the engine.
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