Types and uses of turning toolsTurning tools are the most widely used single-edged tools. It is also the basis for learning and analyzing all kinds of tools. Turning tools are used on various lathes to process external circles, internal holes, end faces, threads, turning grooves, etc. According to the structure, turning tools can be divided into integral turning tools, welding turning tools, machine clamping turning tools, indexable turning tools and forming turning tools. Among them, the application of indexable turning tools is becoming more and more extensive, and the proportion of turning tools is gradually increasing.
First, the so-called welding turning tool of cemented carbide welding turning tool is to open the tool groove on the carbon steel tool holder according to the requirements of the geometric angle of the tool, weld the cemented carbide blade in the tool groove with solder, and sharpen the turning tool according to the selected geometric parameters. The machine clamping turning tool is a turning tool used to clamp the blade on the tool holder by using an ordinary blade and a mechanical clamping method. This type of knife has the following characteristics: (1) due to the improvement of tool durability, the use time is longer, the tool change time is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved. (2) The end of the pressing plate used to compress the blade can play the role of chip breaker. Characteristics of mechanical clamping turning tool (1) The blade is not welded at high temperature, which avoids defects such as the decline of blade hardness and cracks caused by welding, and improves the durability of the tool. (3) After the blade is re-grinded, the size will gradually become smaller, in order to restore the working position of the blade, the adjustment mechanism of the blade is often provided on the turning tool structure to increase the number of re-grinding of the blade. (4) The end of the pressing plate used to compress the blade can play the role of chip breaker.
Second, indexable turning tools Indexable turning tools are machine clamping turning tools that use indexable blades. A dull cutting edge can be quickly indexed and replaced with a new adjacent cutting edge and the work can continue until all cutting edges on the insert have been blunted and the insert is scrapped. After replacing the blade with a new one, the turning tool can continue to work.
Third, the indexable turning tool The indexable turning tool is a machine clamping turning tool that uses an indexable blade.
1. Advantages of indexable toolsCompared with welding turning tools, indexable turning tools have the following advantages: (1) high tool life because the blade avoids defects caused by high temperature of welding and grinding. (2) High production efficiency: Because the machine tool operator no longer sharpens the tool, it can greatly reduce the auxiliary time such as stopping the machine and changing the tool. (3) It is conducive to the promotion of new technologies and new processes, and indexable knives are conducive to the promotion of the use of new tool materials such as coatings and ceramics. (4) It is conducive to reducing the cost of the tool due to the long service life of the tool holder, which greatly reduces the consumption and inventory of the tool holder, simplifies the management of the tool and reduces the cost of the tool.
2. Clamping characteristics and requirements of indexable turning tool blades: (1) After the insert with high positioning accuracy is indexed or replaced with a new blade, the change of the position of the tool tip should be within the allowable range of workpiece accuracy. (2) The clamping of the blade is reliable, and the contact surface of the blade, the knife pad and the tool holder should be tightly fitted and can withstand shock and vibration, but the clamping force should not be too large, and the stress distribution should be even, so as not to crush the blade. (3) Smooth chip removal is barrier-free in front of the blade, which ensures smooth chip discharge and easy to observe. (4) Easy to use, easy to change the blade and replace the new blade, it is convenient and fast. For small size tools, the structure should be compact. In order to meet the above requirements, the structure should be as simple as possible, easy to manufacture and use.
Fourth, the characteristics and requirements of turning tool blades
(1) High positioning accuracy After the blade is indexed or replaced with a new blade, the change of the position of the tool tip should be within the allowable range of the accuracy of the workpiece. (2) The blade clamping is reliable The contact surface of the blade, the knife pad and the tool holder should be tightly fitted and can withstand shock and vibration, but the clamping force should not be too large, and the stress distribution should be uniform so as not to crush the blade. (3) Smooth chip removal The front of the blade is barrier-free to ensure smooth chip discharge and easy to observe. (4) Easy to use Changing the blade and replacing the blade with a new one is convenient and fast. For small size tools, the structure should be compact. In order to meet the above requirements, the structure should be as simple as possible, easy to manufacture and use.
